The core shadow is the darkest part of the object. It is the area that misses receiving most of the light and runs just past what you would call the light side of the object. It appears to be the darkest part because it is also not receiving any reflected light.
The reflected light is light that falls on the table and reflects or bounces back up onto the dark side of the sphere. It creates a bit of light on the shadow side. This light is darker than anything on the light side of our sphere. You know when you are a kid and you hold a dandelion up under your chin to see your chin turn yellow? That is reflected light. The sunlight hits the dandelion and reflects off it up underneath your chin. The next time you are out in bright sunshine look at the plane underneath everyone's chin. If they don't get mad at you for staring at them, you should see the color of their shirt reflected up onto that plane.
Our brains are very trained to look for this reflected light in order to interpret an object as being three dimensional. Even people who have no idea what reflected light is will look at an object painted with reflected light and say it looks more real and three dimensional that an object painted without it. Look very hard for reflected light and get it into your shadows. Invent it if you have to. Remember though, it is still darker in value than anything on the light side of your object.
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